Do you want to know what it is to me, 'the world' (...) It is a m onstruo of force, without beginning or end, a fixed and fixed magnitude of forces that neither grows nor diminishes, and that only transforms (...) a game of splits and waves of force (...) a sea of tempestuous forces that shake and transform from all eternity and return eternally upon themselves in a huge return of the years. (...) Do you want a man for this world? A solution to all your riddles? (...) This world is the will to power and nothing but that, be you too that will to power and nothing more than that! Nietzsche, The Will to Power
Nietzsche's work is characterized by ambiguity. He is not a systematic author and frequently used aphorism and poem. It does not use reasoning or deductions but intuitions. Nor does it strive to avoid contradictions and is often violent and aggressive. The frequent use of symbols prevents unambiguous interpretation.
Nietzsche's first work is The Birth of Tragedy. In it, he will say that the Greek tragedy originated grasias from the fusion of two opposing elements of the Greek spirit, the Dionysiac and the Apolloneus.
Ancient tradition tells us that the Greek tragedy arose from the tragic chorus, however, in the classical tragedy is introduced the apolineous element. Nietzsche will say that the Greek tragedy should be conceived as a Dionysian chorus that again and again unloads into an apolineous world of images, but the essential remains the Dionysian background of the tragedy in that it allows the viewer to break the bonds of one's own individuality by merging with other men to discover the supreme unity of things. This is the way, according to Nietzche, in which the Greeks found the 'metaphysical comfort' that freed them from longing for Buddhist denial of will.
He will then say that with Socrates the theoretical man triumphs over the tragic man and from it the optimism of science is imposed: Platonic dialogue replaces tragedy, knowledge becomes universal medicine, and error is the supreme evil.
In systesis, what Nietzsche postulates is the existence of an eternal struggle between a theoretical and a tragic conception of the world, seeing in Schopenhauer and Wagner a triumph of the tragic.
Zarathustra was the first to warn that the authentic wheel that makes things move is the struggle between good and evil — the transition from the moral to the metaphysical, as force, cause, in short, is his work. (...) Zarathustra created that error, the most faulty of all, morality: therefore, he must also be the first to recognize it. Ecce Homo, Nietzsche
Nietzsche's goal in replacing Dionysus with Zarathustra is to 'send to the devil all metaphysical consolation'. In fact, Dionysus identified himself with Schopenhauer's metaphysics, so that in this new vision Nietzche will reject all metaphysics and remain exclusively in the field of ethics. Likewise, it will not perform 'art theory' but will express itself artistically. Precisely, by choosing the figure of Zarathustra (since in him he sees the creator of morality) he uses him to reverse his historical significance, makes him the one who can see 'beyond good and evil'.
However, in his affirmation of life and his will to live, Zarathustra is comparable to Dionysus, only that he is stripped of Schopenhauer's metaphysics. He will also fight Socrates, Plato, Christian civilisation and all that they present.
The will to power
It is wrong to take a biologicist definition of this knowledge in Nietzche, since he criticizes Darwin. Nor would a racist or political interpretation be appropriate. The will, is, will to be more, to live more, to overcome, to create.
In all the places where I found living beings, I found will d epder, and even in the will of the one who serves I found will to be lord (...) And this mystery has entrusted me with life itself. Look, he said, it's me who has to always outdo himself. Nietzsche, So spoke Zarathustra
Nietzsche has a clear interest in moral values so that, to a large extent, the will is the creator of vaolroes, although in later fragments, this will also acquire a cosmic dimension.
If the universe had a purpose, it should have been achieved by now. And if there were for him a final state, Nietzsche should also have been reached .
The theme, taken from mythology and the presocratics, now has a comological sense. Nietzche claims that there is no other world than this by denying Platonic or Christian alternative worlds.
I conjure you, my brethren, remain files to the earth, and believe not those who speak to you of earthly hopes! They are poisoners, whether they know it or not (...) In the past, crime against God was the ultimate crime, but God has died and with Him they have also died in those criminals. Now the most horrible thing is to commit crime against the earth and appreciate the bowels of the inscrutable more than the sense of it! Nietzsche, that's what Zarathustra spoke .
This is the axiological sense of 'eternal return':
The value or 'innocence' of becoming and evolution
The value of life and existence, against any pessimistic docrtirna.
What symbolizes the 'eternal return' is a world that revolves upon itself, because it is the only world. Moreover, everything is good and justifiable in that everything must be repeated. This cheerful cosmic game is a blessing of existence.
So far, humanity seems to have valued everything that is opposed to life and prevailing morals coming from a decadent spirit. It therefore states that it is necessary to recover primitive innocence and to be beyond good and evil.
The Superman (übermensch)
The new man announcing Zaratrustra, is not a superman associated with a racist biological superiority, in effect, Nietzsche despises' the German '. He speaks of a new moral type.
The superman, possesses the innocence of a child and is beyond good and evil, is a new beginning in the eternal return and possesses the power to create values, living faithful to the earth.