1. PHILOSOPHY.

Philosophy Cleaning the Lens

“... the philosopher, who perfectly possesses the science of the general, needs the science of all things, for a man of such circumstances knows in a certain way everything that is understood under the general. But it can also be said that it is very difficult for man to come to the more general knowledge; such as that the things that are subject to them are far beyond the reach of the senses.” (Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book First )

What is a dogma?

Dogma, dogmatic, dogmatism, are words that are unequivocally associated with the religious sphere. This relationship is very appropriate, because in this sense, dogmas are considered within many creeds, as declarations of the divine word, sacred and certified by the official doctrinal body. However, the philosophical sense of these terms has a subtly different nuance.

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The desire

What is desire? A drive that irretrievably tilts us towards an irrational goal, or perhaps an internal necessity deliberately chosen rational negotiation through? For some, desire is the cause of suffering itself and its annihilation, the secret of happiness. For others, desire gives meaning to life and is mobile of inspiration and productivity.

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Eternity

In common sense, eternity means infinite time or infinite duration. Many religions associate the idea of eternity with perpetuity, that is, that which lacks beginning and end. In the philosophical sense, eternity refers to a time that cannot be measured because it transcends temporality itself. In this article we briefly review some of the variants that can be observed in the historical analysis that different thinkers made regarding this concept.

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The concept of freedom in Greek thought

The idea of freedom has acquired throughout the history of philosophy various nuances, even contradictory. The Greeks approached the concept in its multiple dimensions. They considered the cosmic order they assigned to destiny, the importance of political autonomy and individual freedom, unequivocally landing, in the moral dilemma underlying the depth of the concept of freedom.

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Idelogies of revolutionary spirit: Socialism, Communism and Anarchism

Towards the end of the 19th century, the industrial revolution left its mark on society: capitalism in crisis and the working masses plunged into misery. The ideological consequence of this context resulted in the rapid diffusion of thought streams such as socialism and anarchism. The workers' movement would, in fact, identify itself with such tendencies. But on this occasion we are interested in establishing some historical and ideological differences between these three concepts.

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The Nothingness

The idea of “nothing” was the unveiling of many thinkers, perhaps from the very beginning of philosophy. And perhaps it is also the question by which many of us have been interested for the first time in matters of a philosophical nature. Several ideas go around the concept of “nothing”, let us see therefore, some of the best known in this brief review, following the dictionary of philosophy of José Ferrater Mora.

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The constant value of philosophical knowledge

Nothing seems to allow us to state with broad certainty that Plato was definitively surpassed by Descartes. This means that, while it is necessary to understand each philosopher within the framework of the time to which he belonged, studying the work of ancient thinkers does not represent an anachronism comparable to that manifested in other areas of knowledge. Notable philosophers have left a legacy whose dimension transcends, in some way, the era in which they shone.

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What is beauty?

Determining what is beautiful and is not is perhaps one of the most interesting intellectual challenges. For many, because of subjectivity, it is simply a chimera. When and to what objects is it lawful to apply the category of beauty? Is nature beautiful, its representation or the relationship between them beautiful? What parameters govern one or the other? Are there codes that transcend cultural and temporal norms? The debate opens up like a range that, when it branches out, offers new possibilities. Some complementary and others, simply contradictory.

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Where is philosophy going?

Paradig
ms change over time, because the vocation to know requires, sooner or later, to revise models that were considered acceptable and even certain. The history of philosophy is, in this sense, a story of contradictions, complementary looks and transformations.

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por Graciela Paula Caldeiro