Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109) is often considered the first scholastic thinker and is a stereotype of monastic thought, in line with Augustine.
This famous dispute, which began in the 12th century, confronted, among others, William of Champeaux with one of the most representative philosophers of the period, Pedro Abelardo (1079-1142), who is often attributed to him the creation of the scholatic method of quaestio in his work Sic et non , which is nothing but a collection of sentences of the Fathers. of the Church, arranged as opposite opinions about the same problems.
The only book of political philosophy corresponding to the period is written by John of Salisbury. This work predates the rediscovery of Aristotle's Politics and is inspired by the “natural law” postulated by stoicism, which subdues everyone, including kings.
Joaquín de Fiore (1145-1202) presents his doctrine of the three epochs of history:
Fear. The first state lived from knowledge: during this period, what reigns is servitude and whipping.
Faith: The second state lived from the
wisdom, developing its power. So he dominates filial service and action.
Bernard of Claraval (1091-1153) opposes the rationalism of Abelardo and the antihierarchical character of heretical thinkers. He represented a powerful support for the hierarchy of the Church, orthodoxy and the privilege of faith against reason.
In the school of the monastery of Saint Victor in Paris, mystical and scholastic currents merge, Hugo de Saint Victor, in this line he is the author of the first medieval theological Summa, although he is also a mystic.